Question about 450mbs adapters

[Phil_Moore]

I have a wndr4000 router with a top speed of 450 on the 5gz band. I have an adapter wnda3100 with a top speed of 300 on the 5gz band. I would like to know if I got the adapter with the top speed of 450, (the wnda4100 I think it is), would I see an increase of my actual real life throughput to the internet increase 50% (or how much?) given the following:

From the location that the computer in question is positioned, it gets a fair signal: ~-60db or 4 out of 5 bars. I'm only interested in the internet, not servers on the LAN. I presently get around 10mbs down from the internet. The cable service is rated at 22mbs down, max.

Also, I was not able to find an explanation, and I did try, for what HW or SW makes these speeds possible. Some discussion spoke of the number of antennas, but it was not clear if this is the only factor. What is different about an adapter that communicates at 450mbs compared to one that only communicates at 300mbs?

Thanks for any info.